ALNL or AML is a progressive malignant disease of the tissue and hematopoetic stem cell damage. This was characterized by perdominan of Immature marrow cells that block differentiation or partial differentiation of maturation with or without the involvement of the surrounding blood. Normal myeloid elements decrease in number, but the disease is derived leukemia cells and even malignant change if uncontrolled proliferation. ALNL is a fatal disease. Death is usually caused by the effects of pansitopenia (anemia, bleeding, and decreased immunity to infection). ALNL found for adults but the disease is also found in all ages. Predisposing factor in men.
The cause of ALNL was not clear and is a combination or interaction of various factors. 1. Radiation Role of radiation exposure to berkembanganya leukemia factor. Risk factors are: § A person who works without using diradiologi clinical safety standards. § Patients who received radiation therapy for ankylosing Spondylitis than other patients with similar diseases but without the radiation. § Someone who survived the events Hirosima and Nagasaki. Each of these factors have increased the incidence of leukemia. 2. Chemicals The drugs and chemical treatments may cause depression or aplasia of the bone marrow that allow cause leukemia and called leukemogens. Some of cloramphenicol, phenylbutazone, arsenic components, sulfonamide, and some cytotoxic agents insekstisida also used untu neoplastic therapy has the potential to leukemogens. Including phenylalanine mustard and cyclophospamide used for multiple myeloma therapy, alkylating agents used for treatment of some types of cancer, including Hodgkin’s disease, and immunosuppressant therapy immunoinflammatory disease. Benzene is also clearly known to cause cancer. 3. Genetic Deviation from the chromosomes, including aneuploidy and the damage shown by several diseases associated with increased incidence of ALNL. These diseases, including Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Fanconi’s syndrome (excessive chromosome damage), Bloom’s syndrome (damage value and the rearrangement of chromosomes) and D-trisomy. Congenital leukemia usually nonlympositik. Research indicates family history of leukemia also have a genetic factor causing acute leukemia. 4. Virus There is no conclusion to the statement that the virus is the cause leukemia in humans. Nevertheless there are some studies that support the theory of viruses as a cause of leukemia, among others: the enzyme reverse transciptase found in the blood of leukemia patients. As is known in the oncogenic viruses such as type-C retrovirus, which is kind of RNA viruses that cause leukemia in animals. This enzyme causes the virus in question could form the genetic material which later merged with the genome of infected cells.
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